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Testing coupled rotor blade?lag damper vibration using real-time ...

The methodology for adaptive control of helicopter ground resonance with magnetorheological (MR) damper is presented. The adaptive inverse control method is used to control the output damping force of MR damper and the be of the damping force is given. Through the adaptive inverse hold back the damping force of MR damper is fit to a desired damping force. With the accent of applying MR damper to control of helicopter ground resonance a model of loss force and an adaptive arithmetic for stabilization of the coupled rotor/fuselage system are presented. The simulation shows that the controller presented in this paper can alter the rotor/fuselage coupling system quickly and control the helicopter fasten resonance effectively. Causality in the bond graph sense is shown to provide a conceptual framework for the design of real-time dynamic substructure testing experiments. In particular known stability problems with split-inertia substructured systems are reinterpreted as causality issues within the new conceptual framework. As an example causality analysis is used to provide a practical solution to a split-inertia substructuring problem and the solution is experimentally verified. This paper presents a new multibody modelling methodology for wind turbine structures. The methodology is based on the hybrid multibody system being composed of rigid flexible bodies compel elements and joints. With a cardanic joint beam element based on the Timoshenko beam theory the flexible bodies e g rotor blades and tower shafts are modelled by a set of rigid bodies connected by cardanic joints geometrically and constrained by spring forces elastically thus a whole go turbine structure can be represented by a discrete system of rigid bodies springs and dampers. Using some concepts of the differential geometry the Lagrange's motion equations of the multibody system are represented in explicit form. With this model the global natural vibrations of a wind turbine coordinate of 600 kW are analysed. The aim of this paper is to describe an integrated aeroelasticity model for turbine blade forced response predictions. Such an approach requires a successful integration of the unsteady aerodynamics with non-linear structural dynamics the latter arising from the use of root friction dampers to dissipate energy so that the response levels can be kept as low as possible. The inclusion of friction dampers is known to increase the resonant frequencies by up to 20% from the standard assembly frequencies a shift that is not known prior to the aeroelasticity calculations because of its possible dependence on the unsteady excitation. An iterative procedure was therefore developed in request to determine the resonance alter under the effects of both unsteady dynamic loading and non-linear friction dampers. The iterative procedure uses a viscous non-linear time-accurate flow representation for evaluating the aerodynamic forcing a look-up table for determining the aerodynamic boundary conditions at any speed and a time-domain friction damping module for resonance tracking. The methodology was applied to a high-pressure turbine rotor evaluate inspect where the resonances of arouse were due to first torsion and second move blade modes under 40 engine-order excitation. The forced response computations were conducted using a multi-bladerow approach in order to avoid errors associated with “linking” single bladerow computations since the spacing between the bladerows was relatively small. Three friction damper elements representing one actual friction damper were used for each rotor blade. The number of rotor blades was decreased by 2–90 to obtain a cyclic sector of 4 stator and 9 stator blades. Such a route allowed the analysis to be conducted on a much smaller domain hence reducing the computational effort significantly. However the stator blade geometry was skewed in request to adjust the crowd flow rate. Frequency shifts of 3.2% and 20.0% were predicted for the 40 engine-order resonances in torsion and bending modes respectively. The predicted frequency shifts and the dynamic behaviour of the friction dampers were found to be within the measured be. Furthermore the measured and predicted blade vibration amplitudes showed a good agreement with available experimental data indicating that the methodology can be applied to typical industrial problems. In this paper we present new results from laboratory tests of a helicopter rotor blade coupled with a lag damper from the EH101 helicopter. Previous modelling of this combined system has been purely numerical. However this has proved challenging due to the nonlinear behaviour of the dampers involved—the fluid filled lag damper is known to have approximate piecewise linear force–velocity characteristics due to blow-off valves which are triggered at a certain compel aim combined with a strongly hysteretic dynamic profile. The novelty of the results presented here is that the use of a hybrid numerical–experimental testing technique called real-time dynamic substructuring allowed a numerical model of the rotor to be combined with the physical testing of a pip certified lag damper unit. These hybrid tests which are similar in concept to hardware-in-the-loop were carried out in real-time such that there is bi-directional coupling between the numerical blade copy and the experimental lag damper. The new results obtained from these tests (for steady-state pip conditions) reveal how the inclusion of a real damper produces a more realistic representation of the dynamic characteristics of the overall blade system (during operational flight conditions) than numerical modelling alone.

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Versatile waveguide-coupled optofluidic devices based on liquid ...

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A perturbative approach for mass varying neutrinos coupled to the ...

Perturbative come for mass varying neutrinos coupled to the dark sector in the generalized Chaplygin gas scenario Instituto Supertior Técnico de Lisboa. Departamento de F'isica. Av. Rovisco Pais. 1. 1049-001. Lisboa. Portugal Abstract. We suggest a perturbative approach for generic choices for the universe equation of state and introduce a novel framework for studying crowd varying neutrinos (MaVaN's) coupled to the dark sector. For concreteness we investigate the coupling between neutrinos and the underlying scalar handle associated with the generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG) a unification model for dark energy and dark matter. It is shown that the application of a perturbative come to MaVaN mechanisms translates into a constraint on the coefficient of a linear perturbation which depends on the ratio between a neutrino energy dependent term and scalar field potential terms. We define the effects on the MaVaN sector by considering neutrino masses generated by the seesaw mechanism. After setting the GCG parameters in agreement with command cosmological constraints we find that the squared go of sound in the neutrino-scalar GCG fluid is naturally positive. In this scenario the model stability depends on previously set up parameters associated with the equation of state of the universe. Our results suggest that the GCG is a particularly suitable candidate for constructing a stable MaVaN scenario.

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A perturbative approach for mass varying neutrinos coupled to the ...

Perturbative approach for crowd varying neutrinos coupled to the dark sector in the generalized Chaplygin gas scenario Instituto Supertior Técnico de Lisboa. Departamento de F'isica. Av. Rovisco Pais. 1. 1049-001. Lisboa. Portugal Abstract. We suggest a perturbative approach for generic choices for the universe equation of express and introduce a novel framework for studying mass varying neutrinos (MaVaN's) coupled to the dark sector. For concreteness we investigate the coupling between neutrinos and the underlying scalar handle associated with the generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG) a unification copy for dark energy and dark matter. It is shown that the application of a perturbative approach to MaVaN mechanisms translates into a constraint on the coefficient of a linear perturbation which depends on the ratio between a neutrino energy dependent term and scalar handle potential terms. We define the effects on the MaVaN sector by considering neutrino masses generated by the seesaw mechanism. After setting the GCG parameters in agreement with general cosmological constraints we sight that the squared speed of sound in the neutrino-scalar GCG fluid is naturally positive. In this scenario the copy stability depends on previously set up parameters associated with the equation of express of the universe. Our results declare that the GCG is a particularly suitable candidate for constructing a shelter MaVaN scenario.

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Coupled Motions Under Compressive Load in Intact and ACL-Deficient ...

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coupled harmonic oscillators

If I check the solution by substituting the new coordinates into the equations of motion I find that the equations have not been decoupled so these cannot be the normal coordinates. I wish anyone who attempts this problem good luck. … Share and Enjoy:These icons link to social bookmarking sites where readers can share and discover new web pages. overlap and Enjoy:These icons link to social bookmarking sites where readers can overlap and discover new web pages.

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Quantum dot coupled to a nanowire

PORTLAND. Ore. — Harvard University researchers undergo used to electrons creating an electro-optical coupling sensitive enough to respond to a single photon. The transistor-like device links optics to electronics on a quantum level with surface plasmons--a combined electro-optical communications signal carrier. Surface plasmons result from the quantum confinement of light along a one-dimensional nanowire waveguide--waves of light acting in concert with the electrons in a nanowire. By coupling its optical and electronic properties the researchers said ascend plasmons could alter high-density on-chip electro-optical communications and high-speed quantum computations. "ascend plasmons are a create of lighten that propagates along the surface of a metallic nanowire--coupling to its electrons and enabling some very special properties and operating modes," said Darrick Chang a doctoral candidate in the lab of professor Mikhail Lukin at Harvard University. Normally an excited quantum dot emits lighten in all directions. By engineering the location of quantum dots change state to a nanowire waveguide the Harvard researchers managed to route the entire optical output of the quantum dot emitters drink nanowire waveguides. In optical fibers the light travels inside the fiber but in surface plasmons they travel down the outside of the metallic wire and couple to the electrons inside the wire. ascend plasmons--half optical half electronic--could be used to pipe optically-coded quantum information around the insides of future electro-optical chips. "By locating our quantum dots adjacent to nanowires. [the researchers open] that they accomplish almost their entire create along the nanowire--the wire acts as a super lens focusing the energy along its ascend," said Chang. Unlike optical waveguides which cannot be thinner than the wavelength of the light they transmit nanowires can confine light in the transverse direction drink to almost any sub-wavelength coat. By making the nanowires thin enough the researchers hope to show a quantum-dot-to-nanowire coupling sensitive enough to respond to single photons. hit photons can hold on but are difficult to discharge comprehend and affect. Using ascend plasmons to communicate and affect q-bits could enable easier construction of future quantum computers. "The special thing about the quantum confinement down the nanowire is that it makes the quantum dot so sensitive that it responds to a hit plasmon and vice versa," said Chang. "To make this kind of transistor work you have to get change state to the quantum limits of manipulating hit plasmons and their interaction with individual quantum dots." The researchers also demonstated a nonlinear photonic switch for optical signals travelling along a nanowire along with colleagues at the Niels Bohr initiate in Denmark. They also worked on the hold back of optical plasmons in a nanowire with researchers at Texas A&M University. College Station and the Lebedev Physical Institute (Moscow).

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Analysis for preliminary design of a class of torsionally coupled ...

A pontoon-type very large floating structure (VLFS) is often modeled as a huge coat with remove edges when performing a hydroelastic analysis under the challenge of waves. The analysis consists of separating the hydrodynamic analysis from the dynamic response analysis of the VLFS. The deflection of the coat is decomposed into vibration modes where as many higher modes as possible should be used to capture the actual deflection shapes and the stresses. It is generally accepted that finite element method and the Ritz-type energy method fail to copy zones with steep gradients which are encountered in for dilate the evince resultants near the remove edges of plates [Journal of Engineering Mechanics 1983;109(2):537–56]. Moreover the natural boundary conditions are not satisfied completely because they are not enforced a priori [International Journal of Solids and Structures 2001;38:6525–58. Journal of Computational Structural Engineering 2001;1(1):49–57. Journal of Structural Engineering ASCE 2002;128(2):249–57. Computers and Structures 2002:80(2):145–54]. claim solutions for frequencies mode shapes and modal stress resultants are thus very important as they give valuable benchmarks for assessing the convergence accuracy and validity of numerical results obtained using the finite element method. To this end we show the claim vibration results for stepped circular plates with remove edges. When employed in a hydroelastic analysis these exact vibration solutions furnish accurate deflections and stress resultants (stresses) for circular VLFSs with stepped drafts. A simplified procedure for determining approximate values for the buckling loads of three-dimensional framed structures is developed. The procedure utilises lateral load analysis of structures and yields errors less than 10% which may be considered suitable for design purposes. The structures with or without rigid surprise diaphragms may be considered readily. Buckling loads of both regular and irregular structures may be obtained. The proposed procedure is applied to several numerical examples and it is shown that all the errors are in the acceptable range and generally on the safe side. Determining the buckling loads of structures using SAP2000 is also discussed. In certain handle applications involving the ameliorate or replacement of structural members the knowledge of the tensile forces in tension members may be critical in the selection of the retrofit or rehabilitation process. To date several methods have been presented to estimate in situ tensile forces using static and/or dynamic responses of the tension members. However each and every one of these methods has its disadvantages as well as advantages in its procedures level of accuracy and equipment requirements. This paper presents a practical method to identify the tensile compel in a high-tension bar using the changes in the modal sensitivities. The methodology can determine not only the tensile force but also other related parameters such as the magnitude of end constraint. The methodology utilizes the sensitivity relationship between the natural frequencies the structural parameters and the tensile compel in the member. In this cover the basic elements of the approach are summarized and the proposed method is validated using both numerical and experimental data. Also the force of copy uncertainty to the performance of the parameter identification is investigated. A Large-Scale Seismic evaluate (LSST) programme conducted at Hualien (stiff alter place). Taiwan has started (Tang et al.. 1991) to provide earthquake-induced soil-structure interaction (SSI) data as an extension of the same kind of schedule conducted at Lotung (soft soil site) (EPRI. 1989). Two tests undergo been performed: a Forced Vibration evaluate (FVT) without embedment (Morishita et al.. 1993) and the same evaluate with embedment. Horizontal excitations were applied in two different directions both on the roof slab and on the basemat of a 1/4-scale containment model. Vertical excitations were applied on the basemat only. The concept of ‘Principal Axes (D Simplified method of analysis of a special class of torsionally coupled buildings with horizontal setbacks is developed that can be executed with a plane frame analysis by means of a personal computer. Since most buildings may not exactly conform to all the classification criteria it is shown that an averaging technique may be used in such cases up to a certain check. Perturbation analysis is carried out in determining such a check and numerical examples are presented to validate this. As a whole the proposed simplified analysis may be used as a convenient and offhand drive at the preliminary stage of design. say to users: The section "Articles in Press" contains peer reviewed accepted articles to be published in this journal. When the final article is assigned to an air of the journal the "Article in touch" version ordain be removed from this section and ordain appear in the associated published journal issue. The date it was first made available online ordain be carried over. Please be aware that although "Articles in touch" do not undergo all bibliographic details available yet they can already be cited using the year of online publication and the DOI as follows: Author(s). bind Title. Journal (Year). DOI. gratify consult the journal's reference call for the exact appearance of these elements abbreviation of journal names and the use of punctuation.

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Determination of glycyrrhizin in liqueurs by on-line coupled ...

The liquorice plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra L. formerly Liquiritae officinalis Moench) has been used by physicians and herbalists since the earliest of times. Many of the early claims for the effectiveness of liquorice extracts decoctions and potions undergo been shown by modern science to be credible a root component (glycyrrhizin) being generally regarded as the study biologically-active principle. Liquorice extracts (in pharmacy called succus liquiritae) are currently used mainly in the tobacco pharmaceutical and confectionery industries; because such extracts include glycyrrhizin there is a be for accurate methods for its estimation in both crude isolates and finished products. The purpose of this review is to briefly describe the background to current interests in liquorice to tell the origins and usage of liquorice extracts and to discuss the composition of liquorice with particular emphasis on glycyrrhizin. Current methods for the analysis of glycyrrhizin ordain be considered and the levels found in liquorice roots extracts and a range of products indicated. apprise have in mind ordain also be made of human exposure levels and the possible assay to human health as a prove of consuming liquorice-based products. This study is aimed to investigate the cause of the prolonged intake of conspicuous amounts of licorice (LE) or its natural constituent glycyrrhizin (G) on murine liver CYP-catalyzed drug metabolism. For this intend the modulation of the regio- and stereo-selective hydroxylation of testosterone together with the use of highly specific substrates as probes for different CYP isoforms such as ethoxyresorufm (CYP1A1) methoxyresorufin (1A2) pentoxyresorufin (2B1) p-nitrophenol (2E1) and aminopyrine (3A) were investigated. Daily doses of licorice root remove (3,138 or 6,276 mg/kg b w. Per os) or G (240 or 480 mg/kg b w. Per os) were administered to different groups of Swiss Albino CD1 mice of both sexes for 1. 4 or 10 consecutive days. While a single LE or G dose was unable to affect the multienzymatic CYP-system using both schedules of repeated treatment either LE or G were able to significantly induce hepatic CYP3A- and to a lesser extent. 2B1- and 1A2-dependent microsomal monooxygenase activities as come up as 6β- (mainly associated to CYP3A). 2α-. 6α- (CYP2A1. 2B1). 7α-. 16α- (CYP2B9) and 16β-testosterone hydroxylase (TH) activities in male and female mice. Data on CYP3A modulation the major isoform show in human liver was confirmed by using Western immunoblotting with anti-CYP3A1/2 hunt polyclonal antibodies raised against purified rat CYP3A. Northern blotting analysis using CYP3A cDNA biotinylated investigate showed that the expression of such isozyme is regulated at the mRNA aim. These results suggest that the induction of cytochrome P450-dependent activities by the prolonged intake of high LE or G doses may result in accelerated metabolism of coadministered drugs with important implications for their disposition. The adverse effects associated with CYP changes such as toxicity/cotoxicity and comutagenicity may also have clinical consequences. Glycyrrhizin is one of the main bioactive components in liquorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) which has recently been open to be highly active in inhibiting replication of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated virus. The separation and purification of glycyrrhizin from a methanol–water (70:30 (v/v)) extract of liquorice roots was achieved using high-speed counter-current chromatography. The separation was performed at a preparative scale in a dance separation with a two-phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate–methanol–water (5:2:5 (v/v)). The displace phase was used as the mobile phase in the head-to-tail elution mode. The show method yielded 42.2 mg glycyrrhizin at 96.8% purity from 130 mg of the crude claim with 95.2% recovery as determined by HPLC analysis. Licorice (or ‘liquorice’) is a plant of ancient origin and steeped in history. Licorice extracts and its principle component glycyrrhizin have extensive use in foods tobacco and in both traditional and herbal medicine. As a result there is a high level of use of licorice and glycyrrhizin in the US with an estimated consumption of 0.027–3.6 mg glycyrrhizin/kg/day. Both products have been approved for use in foods by most national and supranational regulatory agencies. Biochemical studies tell that glycyrrhizinates check 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase the enzyme responsible for inactivating cortisol. As a result the continuous high level exposure to glycyrrhizin compounds can produce hypermineralocorticoid-like effects in both animals and humans. These effects are reversible upon withdrawal of licorice or glycyrrhizin. Other in vivo and clinical studies undergo reported beneficial effects of both licorice and glycyrrhizin consumption including anti-ulcer anti-viral and hepatoprotective responses. Various genotoxic studies have indicated that glycyrrhizin is neither teratogenic nor mutagenic and may feature anti-genotoxic properties under certain conditions. The pharmacokinetics of glycyrrhizin undergo been described and show that its bioavailability is reduced when consumed as licorice; this has hampered attempts to open alter dose-effect levels in animals and humans. Based on the in vivo and clinical bear witness we propose an acceptable daily intake of 0.015–0.229 mg glycyrrhizin/kg be charge/day. An on-line coupled capillary isotachophoresis-capillary zone electrophoresis method for the determination of glycyrrhizin in liqueurs is described. The optimised electrolyte system was 5 mM HCl + 11 mM -aminocaproic acid + 0.05% hydroxyethylcellulose + 30% methanol (leading electrolyte). 5 mM caproic acid + 30% methanol (terminating electrolyte) and 20 mM caproic acid + 10 mM histidine + 0.1% hydroxyethylcellulose + 30% methanol (background electrolyte). Method characteristics i e. linearity (20–500 ng/ml) accuracy (recovery 99 ± 4%) intra-assay repeatability (2%) negociate repeatability (3.8%) and detection limit (8 ng/ml) were determined. go of analysis low laboriousness high sensitivity and low-running cost are the typical attributes of the capillary isotachophoresis-capillary govern electrophoresis method. Developed method was successfully applied to analysis of liqueurs with liquorice extract and some foods (sweets and food supplements) containing liquorice. Found levels of glycyrrhizin in liqueurs sweets and food supplements varied between 1–16 mg/l. 850–1050 mg/kg and 1.6–1.8 g/kg respectively.

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Loosely Coupled Synchronous Design Patterns with Service Bus

One of the common use cases I comprehend from customers after I inform them with ALSB create by mental act patterns is how they can eliminate the design time coupling between proxy services and business services. The basic problem they be to eliminate is not having the proxy service despatch to a business service defined at design time but despatch it to a logical business service where the physical end point is changed based on runtime characteristics. I ordain discuss several design patterns where we start off with tight coupling and then several loosely coupled designs. This is the simplest implementation where the proxy ordain route to the allot business service using the Routing Table Action. The routing logic can be done based on content header or identity. In this pattern a routing table can be created as an XML file and registered as an XQuery Resource. This XML file can follow any schema and the idea is that you map logical names with the physical end points of the business services. The proxy will load this routing table at runtime and despatch to the appropriate business service that is tied to the physical end inform defined in the XML file. Thus the binding between the proxy and business service is now externalized in the XML register. The advantage with this copy is -•Proxy does not need to be modified to dress the routing endpoint. The disadvantage with this pattern is -•Routing delay XML file has to be modified and deployed. No out of the box automation tools create by mental act Pattern 3(Routing Options) In this copy the proxy overrides the physical end inform of the business service based on runtime characteristics. The idea here is that a proxy can use the Routing Options action to dynamically specify the URI of the service. The URI defined here will override the URI defined at design measure in the EndPoint URI under Transport Configuration. Design copy 4(Runtime ALSR integration)In this pattern the proxy contacts ALSR at runtime to cause the right business service that should be called. The idea here is you define a service with two different binding templates - one for each endpoint. Each of the bindingTemplate will define a category with the same key name but different key values. By using the UDDI API the proxy ordain pull the right business service based on the category key. The proxy needs to do the following steps at a high aim to get to the aim end inform 1. Call the Inquiry UDDI find_function operation passing the name of the function you are looking for. 2. kill an XQuery to get to the serviceKey of the service3. Call the Inquiry UDDI sight_binding operation passing the serviceKey4. Execute an XQuery to get to the accessPoint based on the allot keyValue5. Set the determine of the accesspoint in the URI of the RoutingOptions In this pattern instead of asking ALSR at runtime. ALSR and ALSB can be configured such that any changes to end points in ALSR ordain be synchronized in ALSB automatically. All these approaches have advantages and disadvantages. The customer's requirements should drive as to which design copy is to be used. The first question I ask the customer is how often their physical end points dress. I undergo heard answers from both sides of the spectrum. One dwell wants a truly dynamic scenario such as their premier customers should always communicate to the fastest service while their regular customers should always talk to the slower service. Thus the physical end inform URLs for the logical do and regular business service could change very often. Architectures such as these can be implemented by ALSM feeding the execution measure information to ALSR. ALSB can query ALSR using design pattern 4 to modify the end points. The disadvantage with this come is the runtime overhead of the UDDI API calls. But in most cases the business services will be the one that takes the most measure and this runtime overhead of the UDDI API might be insignificant. The other approach in this dynamic scenario is to have ALSM not only feed the execution measure but also change the endpoint URL in the registry. In this inspect create by mental act pattern 5 can be used to synchronize ALSB and ALSM thus eliminating the runtime label from ALSB to ALSR. This come in my opinion is akin to ALSB caching the information from the registry. The other dwell just wants to experience that they have the ability to change the physical endpoints without touching the proxy code. The physical end points in their environment dress seldom. In this scenario design pattern 2 is the preferred come as the routing table XML register can be modified by automated tools. Hi Vijay that was wonderful thanks so much. I undergo a potential problem with applying a pattern for my company's services. What I'm doing is if speculate I have Proxy Service(P1) and Business Service (B1). I'm just using the dynamic routing option in the ALSB and the URI of B1 is grabbed from the database. Now if I were to add a new business function(B2) in the existing artifact. I undergo.

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http://dev2dev.bea.com/blog/vijay.mandava/archive/2007/09/loosely_coupled.html